TEXT IS NOW IN THE PROCESS OF BEING REVISED AND INSERTED INTO THIS TIMELINE
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Latest update December 16, 2023 with additional editorial modifications underway at this time.
It is specifically designed to reflect expanded and documented subject matter relating to a YesterCode Book
If you notice what you believe to be an error, please let us know by identifying its location.
306
July 25 - It all began at York in England when it was just a local capital within the Roman Empire. This is how fact and myth became one, and led to the creation of a campaign to revive the Roman Empire by Benito Mussolini, and another campaign to warn against revivals of the Roman Empire by Herbert W. Armstrong. His message was broadcast as 'The World Tomorrow' program which was the primary instrument in continuing the financial life of the big offshore 'pirate' radio stations in the 1960s.
The Radio Log shown right, is from the November 1966 edition of 'The Plain Truth' magazine, and it reflects the broadcasting schedule in Europe for 'The World Tomorrow' radio program which its presenter claimed was a warning that the European Common Market (as it was at the time), intended to become a United States of Europe mirroring the old Roman Empire.
July 25 - It all began at York in England when it was just a local capital within the Roman Empire. This is how fact and myth became one, and led to the creation of a campaign to revive the Roman Empire by Benito Mussolini, and another campaign to warn against revivals of the Roman Empire by Herbert W. Armstrong. His message was broadcast as 'The World Tomorrow' program which was the primary instrument in continuing the financial life of the big offshore 'pirate' radio stations in the 1960s.
The Radio Log shown right, is from the November 1966 edition of 'The Plain Truth' magazine, and it reflects the broadcasting schedule in Europe for 'The World Tomorrow' radio program which its presenter claimed was a warning that the European Common Market (as it was at the time), intended to become a United States of Europe mirroring the old Roman Empire.
Due to the amount of material we have about the 'Donation of Constantine' we will reducing the text entries on this page and moving them to pages dedicated to in-depth explanations of this subject. Details of location, etc., to be added.
On this date Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius died at what is now the City of York, and his son was then on his way to becoming Constantine "the Great"; Emperor of the Roman Empire.
Constantine also marks the beginning of what everyone now accepts as the foundation of the formal Christian religion as it emerged from Rome. After Constantine converted to the Christian religion, he then endowed the Papacy with extreme wealth and political power. From his actual involvement emerged a myth called the 'Donation of Constantine'. |
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315-317
March 30 - Upon this date, but within the contradictory timetable of years 315 and 317, began a series of events that many have heard about, but few understand because they are surrounded by mythology. However, in 2020 they still form the foundational basis for governance of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, etc.
It is this mythology which still today wraps itself around both the entity known as the Crown, and the coronation ceremony of its monarch, who in this instance is Queen Elizabeth II. This creates an air of mystery concerning the powers exercised by the sitting government of the day.
That mystery does not exist in the United States of America, because in 1789 a written Constitution to which were attached 10 original amendments; became the Supreme Law of the Land. That document spells out an equal division of governmental powers to three branches of government. But since there is no such corresponding instrument in the British Isles, there is no quick answer to what the Crown and the monarchy represent.
Since the present Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II), is the 'Sovereign', over time the inhabitants of the islands became known as Subjects of the Sovereign.
Also over time, the application of the word 'Citizen' which is used in American English and having one meaning, became interchanged with the word 'Subject' as used in British English, but having a totally different meaning. This issue came to fore with John Lilburne (1614-1657).
In 1611, King James (who was I in England, and VI in Scotland); came south from Scotland and brought with him a project that resulted in the publication of his 'Authorized Version' of the Bible. In that book which was first published a few years before the birth of Lilburne, there is a passage in its Book of Acts, at chapter 22 and verse 28. It is about citizenship within the Roman Empire:
"And the Chief Captain answered, 'With a great sum obtained I this freedom'. And Paul said, 'But I was free born'."
John Lilburne became known as 'Freeborn John' because he never saw himself as a slave, nor as a 'subject'. He claimed to have been born free after birth - like everyone else on the Planet.
To understand what this controversy is all about, it is necessary to know about the mythological 'Donation of Constantine' which has been treated as fact, even though it was debunked long ago as myth. But this document is the real bedrock for all of the angst that has developed within the British Isles, especially between the English and the Irish, over the question of 'citizen or subject'?.
March 30 - Upon this date, but within the contradictory timetable of years 315 and 317, began a series of events that many have heard about, but few understand because they are surrounded by mythology. However, in 2020 they still form the foundational basis for governance of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, etc.
It is this mythology which still today wraps itself around both the entity known as the Crown, and the coronation ceremony of its monarch, who in this instance is Queen Elizabeth II. This creates an air of mystery concerning the powers exercised by the sitting government of the day.
That mystery does not exist in the United States of America, because in 1789 a written Constitution to which were attached 10 original amendments; became the Supreme Law of the Land. That document spells out an equal division of governmental powers to three branches of government. But since there is no such corresponding instrument in the British Isles, there is no quick answer to what the Crown and the monarchy represent.
Since the present Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II), is the 'Sovereign', over time the inhabitants of the islands became known as Subjects of the Sovereign.
Also over time, the application of the word 'Citizen' which is used in American English and having one meaning, became interchanged with the word 'Subject' as used in British English, but having a totally different meaning. This issue came to fore with John Lilburne (1614-1657).
In 1611, King James (who was I in England, and VI in Scotland); came south from Scotland and brought with him a project that resulted in the publication of his 'Authorized Version' of the Bible. In that book which was first published a few years before the birth of Lilburne, there is a passage in its Book of Acts, at chapter 22 and verse 28. It is about citizenship within the Roman Empire:
"And the Chief Captain answered, 'With a great sum obtained I this freedom'. And Paul said, 'But I was free born'."
John Lilburne became known as 'Freeborn John' because he never saw himself as a slave, nor as a 'subject'. He claimed to have been born free after birth - like everyone else on the Planet.
To understand what this controversy is all about, it is necessary to know about the mythological 'Donation of Constantine' which has been treated as fact, even though it was debunked long ago as myth. But this document is the real bedrock for all of the angst that has developed within the British Isles, especially between the English and the Irish, over the question of 'citizen or subject'?.
In addition to many other gifts, Emporer Constantine allegedly gave Pope Sylvester ".... control of the imperial palace in Rome and all the regions of the Western Empire; this effectively conveys the notion that the pope has the right to appoint secular rulers in the West." [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Donation-of-Constantine ] . Translated into practical terminology as it applied to the British Isles, this meant that the King of England and the King of Scotland were subjects of a mightier Overlord based in Rome. That Overlord, as interpreted by the Donation of Constantine, wore two 'hats'. One symbolized ruler-ship over the Church; and the second reflected superior ruler-ship of all kings in the western half of the Roman Empire.
This is the preposterous story upon which the absurdity of the United Kingdom of 2020 rests. Because this transfer of both religious (spiritual) and political (temporal) power is what King Henry VIII of England claimed, after he broke away from under the control of Pope Clement VII, even though this nonsense was refuted by many, including Martin Luther and John Calvin. This famous painting is still on display in Rapheal's Rooms within Vatican City, in an area which was known until 2019, as the 'Vatican Secret Archives' ![See: http://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/stanze-di-raffaello/sala-di-costantino/donazione-di-roma.html ] The British Crown is a corporation sole that resides upon a lie
This entire subject is still highly controversial, and yet it was reflected in the demand by the Scots which was sent to Pope Boniface VIII concerning the invasions of Scotland by King Edward I of England. The Kingdom of Scotland appealed to its Overlord in Rome and demanded that King Edward I be restrained, since both England and Scotland were both kingdoms independent of each other but both under the authority of Rome. [See Declaration of Arbroath: 1320 and https://www.osvnews.com/amp/2019/07/12/church-history-pope-innocent-iii-and-the-interdict/ ]
This Timetable will document how the progressive application of that myth has been incorporated into British law, as if it is fact, and how it has resulted in the gagging of modern-day communications, including the development of broadcasting.
This entire subject is still highly controversial, and yet it was reflected in the demand by the Scots which was sent to Pope Boniface VIII concerning the invasions of Scotland by King Edward I of England. The Kingdom of Scotland appealed to its Overlord in Rome and demanded that King Edward I be restrained, since both England and Scotland were both kingdoms independent of each other but both under the authority of Rome. [See Declaration of Arbroath: 1320 and https://www.osvnews.com/amp/2019/07/12/church-history-pope-innocent-iii-and-the-interdict/ ]
This Timetable will document how the progressive application of that myth has been incorporated into British law, as if it is fact, and how it has resulted in the gagging of modern-day communications, including the development of broadcasting.
388-400
Various Dates - The Roman Empire falls apart through divisiveness, and this results in the Roman Empire pulling back from various geographical areas of the British Isles at different times. As a result, various regional political leaders then stepped into the power vacuum which the Romans had left behind.
Various Dates - The Roman Empire falls apart through divisiveness, and this results in the Roman Empire pulling back from various geographical areas of the British Isles at different times. As a result, various regional political leaders then stepped into the power vacuum which the Romans had left behind.
748
April 2 - Birth of Charlemagne, or 'Charles the Great' who died on January 28, 814. He was King of the Franks from 768 (approximate location of France today); King of the Lombards from 774 (Northern Italy today), and Emperor of the Romans from 800 when he was crowned in Rome by Pope Leo III. His coronation by the Pope helped to further ingrain the hoax called the 'Donation of Constantine'. [Silver coin 812-814 - shown right.]
April 2 - Birth of Charlemagne, or 'Charles the Great' who died on January 28, 814. He was King of the Franks from 768 (approximate location of France today); King of the Lombards from 774 (Northern Italy today), and Emperor of the Romans from 800 when he was crowned in Rome by Pope Leo III. His coronation by the Pope helped to further ingrain the hoax called the 'Donation of Constantine'. [Silver coin 812-814 - shown right.]
924
Specific date unknown - King Æthelstan merges the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms into one under his control as the Kingdom of England.
Specific date unknown - King Æthelstan merges the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms into one under his control as the Kingdom of England.
1066
October 14 - A Norman-French army led by Duke William, invades the island of Great Britain at Hastings (east coast of what is now in the County of East Sussex, England) This invading force defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, and William's troops then began to spread out and occupy large parts of the British Isles, thereby beginning a chain of succession using the institution of the Crown as a political instrument of power.
October 14 - A Norman-French army led by Duke William, invades the island of Great Britain at Hastings (east coast of what is now in the County of East Sussex, England) This invading force defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, and William's troops then began to spread out and occupy large parts of the British Isles, thereby beginning a chain of succession using the institution of the Crown as a political instrument of power.
1215
June 15 - Magna Carta signed by King John of England. This document singles-out Jews as a financial sub-class.
August 24 - Pope Innocent III annulled Magna Carta.
June 15 - Magna Carta signed by King John of England. This document singles-out Jews as a financial sub-class.
August 24 - Pope Innocent III annulled Magna Carta.
1296
October - King Edward I of England invaded Scotland and removed the block of red sandstone upon which Scottish monarchs had been crowned. He transported what he thought was the real thing (doubts exist), to London and had a coronation chair built to house it at Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II sat on this chair during her coronation on June 2, 1953. Additional myths claim that it is "Jacob's pillow stone" mentioned in Genesis 28:18 and "according to Jewish legend, it became the pedestal of the ark in the Temple. The stone was brought from Syria to Egypt by King Gathelus, who then fled to Spain following the defeat of the Egyptian army. A descendant of Gathelus brought the stone to Ireland, and was crowned on it as King of Ireland. And from Ireland, the stone moved with the invading Scots to Argyll." [https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/The-Stone-of-Destiny/ ] This legend also forms a part of both the 1320 Preamble to the 'Declaration of Arbroath' [see above], and the story of the 'Ten Lost Tribes of Israel' which was part of the foundational belief of Herbert W. Armstrong whose radio monologue called 'The World Tomorrow' was a major source of income for the offshore 'pirate' radio stations of the Nineteen Sixties.
October - King Edward I of England invaded Scotland and removed the block of red sandstone upon which Scottish monarchs had been crowned. He transported what he thought was the real thing (doubts exist), to London and had a coronation chair built to house it at Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II sat on this chair during her coronation on June 2, 1953. Additional myths claim that it is "Jacob's pillow stone" mentioned in Genesis 28:18 and "according to Jewish legend, it became the pedestal of the ark in the Temple. The stone was brought from Syria to Egypt by King Gathelus, who then fled to Spain following the defeat of the Egyptian army. A descendant of Gathelus brought the stone to Ireland, and was crowned on it as King of Ireland. And from Ireland, the stone moved with the invading Scots to Argyll." [https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/The-Stone-of-Destiny/ ] This legend also forms a part of both the 1320 Preamble to the 'Declaration of Arbroath' [see above], and the story of the 'Ten Lost Tribes of Israel' which was part of the foundational belief of Herbert W. Armstrong whose radio monologue called 'The World Tomorrow' was a major source of income for the offshore 'pirate' radio stations of the Nineteen Sixties.
1297
October - King Edward I of England issues his own Magna Carta which makes no mention of Jews, because he has already told all Jews to get out of England or suffer consequences, including death.
October - King Edward I of England issues his own Magna Carta which makes no mention of Jews, because he has already told all Jews to get out of England or suffer consequences, including death.
1320
April 6 - The Declaration of Arbroath is a letter written by barons on behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland to the Pope. In essence it claims that the Kingdom of Scotland is not subject to the Kingdom England, and both are subject to the authority of the Pope, the King of England needs to be prevented from constantly invading Scotland. [See https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/Declaration]
April 6 - The Declaration of Arbroath is a letter written by barons on behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland to the Pope. In essence it claims that the Kingdom of Scotland is not subject to the Kingdom England, and both are subject to the authority of the Pope, the King of England needs to be prevented from constantly invading Scotland. [See https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/Declaration]
1534
November 3 - First Act of Supremacy supported Henry VIII's claims mirroring those of Rome. In 1538, a Second Act of Supremacy reaffirmed the original claim which was based upon the bogus claims of the Papacy controlling all things spiritual [religious] and temporal [political].
November 3 - First Act of Supremacy supported Henry VIII's claims mirroring those of Rome. In 1538, a Second Act of Supremacy reaffirmed the original claim which was based upon the bogus claims of the Papacy controlling all things spiritual [religious] and temporal [political].
1538
December 17 - Pope Paul III excommunicated King Henry VIII of England.
December 17 - Pope Paul III excommunicated King Henry VIII of England.
1541
June 18 - King Henry VIII extends his claim to territory with the Crown of Ireland Act which become law in 1542 and creates another kingdom for him to rule over in Ireland, as an entity separate from his Kingdom of England.
June 18 - King Henry VIII extends his claim to territory with the Crown of Ireland Act which become law in 1542 and creates another kingdom for him to rule over in Ireland, as an entity separate from his Kingdom of England.
1553
July 24 - Following the death of Henry VIII, who is succeeded by his son Edward VI, the Crown of England comes under the control of Mary I who tries to undo the power grab away from the Papacy in Rome.
July 24 - Following the death of Henry VIII, who is succeeded by his son Edward VI, the Crown of England comes under the control of Mary I who tries to undo the power grab away from the Papacy in Rome.
1558
November 17 - Following the death of Mary I, a flip-flop power-grab takes place when she is succeeded by Elizabeth I who undoes the undoing of Mary I, by reverting to the political ideological sovereignty of Henry VIII by dismissing Papal overlord status.
November 17 - Following the death of Mary I, a flip-flop power-grab takes place when she is succeeded by Elizabeth I who undoes the undoing of Mary I, by reverting to the political ideological sovereignty of Henry VIII by dismissing Papal overlord status.
1603
March 24 - Following the death of Elizabeth I, the Scottish King James VI comes to London and occupies the separate Kingdom of England with the additional title of James I.
March 24 - Following the death of Elizabeth I, the Scottish King James VI comes to London and occupies the separate Kingdom of England with the additional title of James I.
1611
Various dates - The 'Authorized Version' of the King James Bible was published. It began as a project in May 1601, when, as King James VI of Scotland, he attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. In 1603 King James VI of Scotland also became King James I of England, and he brought the Bible project with him to London. In the published collection of books, within its 'Book of Acts', chapter 28 and verse 22, is a line containing the expression and definition of 'free born' as it related to the status of individuals within the Roman Empire. This definition became the unofficial 'title' of John Lilburne as 'Freeborn John' [See various entries for John Lilburne.]
Various dates - The 'Authorized Version' of the King James Bible was published. It began as a project in May 1601, when, as King James VI of Scotland, he attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. In 1603 King James VI of Scotland also became King James I of England, and he brought the Bible project with him to London. In the published collection of books, within its 'Book of Acts', chapter 28 and verse 22, is a line containing the expression and definition of 'free born' as it related to the status of individuals within the Roman Empire. This definition became the unofficial 'title' of John Lilburne as 'Freeborn John' [See various entries for John Lilburne.]
1614
Exact date unknown at this time - Birth of John Lilburne.
Exact date unknown at this time - Birth of John Lilburne.
1616
April 23 - Death of William Shakespeare, born c. April 1564.)
April 23 - Death of William Shakespeare, born c. April 1564.)
1625
March 27 - Following the death of James I (also James VI of Scotland), Charles I takes control of the Crown as an institution.
March 27 - Following the death of James I (also James VI of Scotland), Charles I takes control of the Crown as an institution.
1649
January 30 - King Charles I is executed, but the Crown of England is not abolished as an institution. England becomes a quasi republic under the ever-changing status of Oliver Cromwell.
January 30 - King Charles I is executed, but the Crown of England is not abolished as an institution. England becomes a quasi republic under the ever-changing status of Oliver Cromwell.
1650
September 3 - Scottish army supporting would-be king Charles II, son of executed Charles I, is defeated at the coastal town of Dunbar by an invading army from England under the command of Oliver Cromwell. The rump remnants of Scottish government, which is vested in the Committee of Estates, is on the run.
September 3 - Scottish army supporting would-be king Charles II, son of executed Charles I, is defeated at the coastal town of Dunbar by an invading army from England under the command of Oliver Cromwell. The rump remnants of Scottish government, which is vested in the Committee of Estates, is on the run.
1651
August 28 - In a desperate move, the army supporting would-be Charles II had split into two groups. One retreated to Stirling, and then to Dundee while being pursued by an English army led by Lieutenant General George Monck. At Dunbar this Scottish army took a stand awaiting the arrival of reinforcements from the Perthshire town of Alyth, which is about 16 miles from Dundee. Notification that the Committee of Estates was regrouping at Alyth, caused Lieutenant General George Monck to dispatch 800 troopers under the command of Colonel Matthew Alured to disrupt their plans. Alured's attack took the Committee of Estates by surprise, and Alured's 800 troopers were able to round-up and capture the Scottish army of 4000 who were billeted around Alyth. The Scottish troops who were captured, were under the command of General Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven. Both he and 12 nobles; 17 'gentlemen of quality'; 9 ministers and 2 ranking soldiers were all taken prisoner without much of a fight. Thus, on August 28, 1651 the rump of the Scottish government supporting the would-be Charles II was extinguished. Meanwhile, another part of the Scottish army which had left the retreating forces, had invaded England from a different location on the Scottish-English border. However, because their flank was attacked from the rear by an English army led by Richard Lilburne, brother of Freeborn John, the Scottish forces were finally defeated at Worcester, England, six days after the Committee of Estates had been captured at Alyth. Without any form of independent government in place, Scotland was reduced to being a de facto province of England. [See the lecture notes of Graeme Cruikshank titled: 'The Onfall of Alyth' as printed on page 2 of the June 2010 edition of the '1st Marquis of Montrose Society' journal. An earlier article written by Graeme Cruickshank and also called 'The Onfall of Alyth', was printed on page 6 of the March 2002 edition of 'Alyth Voice' journal. It is a summary of the final lecture given in 2001 to the Alyth Literary Society by Graeme Cruickshank.]
August 28 - In a desperate move, the army supporting would-be Charles II had split into two groups. One retreated to Stirling, and then to Dundee while being pursued by an English army led by Lieutenant General George Monck. At Dunbar this Scottish army took a stand awaiting the arrival of reinforcements from the Perthshire town of Alyth, which is about 16 miles from Dundee. Notification that the Committee of Estates was regrouping at Alyth, caused Lieutenant General George Monck to dispatch 800 troopers under the command of Colonel Matthew Alured to disrupt their plans. Alured's attack took the Committee of Estates by surprise, and Alured's 800 troopers were able to round-up and capture the Scottish army of 4000 who were billeted around Alyth. The Scottish troops who were captured, were under the command of General Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven. Both he and 12 nobles; 17 'gentlemen of quality'; 9 ministers and 2 ranking soldiers were all taken prisoner without much of a fight. Thus, on August 28, 1651 the rump of the Scottish government supporting the would-be Charles II was extinguished. Meanwhile, another part of the Scottish army which had left the retreating forces, had invaded England from a different location on the Scottish-English border. However, because their flank was attacked from the rear by an English army led by Richard Lilburne, brother of Freeborn John, the Scottish forces were finally defeated at Worcester, England, six days after the Committee of Estates had been captured at Alyth. Without any form of independent government in place, Scotland was reduced to being a de facto province of England. [See the lecture notes of Graeme Cruikshank titled: 'The Onfall of Alyth' as printed on page 2 of the June 2010 edition of the '1st Marquis of Montrose Society' journal. An earlier article written by Graeme Cruickshank and also called 'The Onfall of Alyth', was printed on page 6 of the March 2002 edition of 'Alyth Voice' journal. It is a summary of the final lecture given in 2001 to the Alyth Literary Society by Graeme Cruickshank.]
1656
September 17 - 'An Act for the Setling of the Postage of England, Scotland and Ireland made at the Parliament' begun at Westminster. Printed on behalf of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.
September 17 - 'An Act for the Setling of the Postage of England, Scotland and Ireland made at the Parliament' begun at Westminster. Printed on behalf of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.
1657
May 29 - 'Freeborn' John Lilburne dies after years of imprisonment at the hands of Oliver Cromwell.
May 29 - 'Freeborn' John Lilburne dies after years of imprisonment at the hands of Oliver Cromwell.
1660
May 29 - General George Monck creates a new kingdom with King Charles II as monarch. General Post Office created to control by censorship, all point-to-point communications by mail.
May 29 - General George Monck creates a new kingdom with King Charles II as monarch. General Post Office created to control by censorship, all point-to-point communications by mail.
1707
May 1 - Act for a Union of the Two Kingdoms of England and Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
May 1 - Act for a Union of the Two Kingdoms of England and Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1774
October 20 - Formation of a confederacy called the United States of America by First Continental Congress adoption of 'Articles of Association' .
October 20 - Formation of a confederacy called the United States of America by First Continental Congress adoption of 'Articles of Association' .
1776
July 4 - Official date upon which 13 North American colonies separated from the Kingdom of Great Britain under an instrument called the 'Declaration of Independence'.
July 4 - Official date upon which 13 North American colonies separated from the Kingdom of Great Britain under an instrument called the 'Declaration of Independence'.
1789
March 4 - Official date inaugurating the United States of America as a federal nation under a written Constitution with 10 amendments.
March 4 - Official date inaugurating the United States of America as a federal nation under a written Constitution with 10 amendments.
1801
January 1 - The Kingdom of Ireland which had been created in 1542 by Crown of England, was extinguished and in its place the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England+Wales and Scotland), was expanded to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
January 1 - The Kingdom of Ireland which had been created in 1542 by Crown of England, was extinguished and in its place the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England+Wales and Scotland), was expanded to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1837
April 17 - John Pierpont Morgan Sr., is born. He creates the Wall Street banking firm known as J.P. Morgan and Co.
April 17 - John Pierpont Morgan Sr., is born. He creates the Wall Street banking firm known as J.P. Morgan and Co.
1847
February 11 - Thomas Alva Edison is born.
March 3 - Alexander Graham Bell is born.
February 11 - Thomas Alva Edison is born.
March 3 - Alexander Graham Bell is born.
1861
May 19 - Helen Porter Mitchell is born. She becomes known as Nellie Armstrong after marriage, and then Dame Melba, singer.
May 19 - Helen Porter Mitchell is born. She becomes known as Nellie Armstrong after marriage, and then Dame Melba, singer.
1863
April 29 - William Randolph Hearst is born.
July 21 - Background Stories to the Greenore rail and port facilities: The Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway, which later changed its name to the Irish North Western Railway (INWR) approached the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) to develop both a port and railway in the Carlingford Peninsula at what is now know as Greenore. On this date the Irish North Western Railway was given the go ahead, but financial difficulties prevented development.
April 29 - William Randolph Hearst is born.
July 21 - Background Stories to the Greenore rail and port facilities: The Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway, which later changed its name to the Irish North Western Railway (INWR) approached the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) to develop both a port and railway in the Carlingford Peninsula at what is now know as Greenore. On this date the Irish North Western Railway was given the go ahead, but financial difficulties prevented development.
1865
July 15 - Alfred Charles William Harmsworth - 1st Viscount Northcliffe is born.
July 15 - Alfred Charles William Harmsworth - 1st Viscount Northcliffe is born.
1867
September 7 - John Pierpont Morgan Jr., is born. He became a key player international finance of nations and companies.
September 7 - John Pierpont Morgan Jr., is born. He became a key player international finance of nations and companies.
1869
Exact date unknown at this time - By 1869, LNWR had created a new Dundalk to Greenore Railway with its own small town at Greenore that included a station to which LNWR added a hotel and adjoining golf course, plus a quay. At the other end of the line in Dundalk, LNWR built both a station and quay to accommodate steamers. The new service opened on April 30, 1873.
Exact date unknown at this time - By 1869, LNWR had created a new Dundalk to Greenore Railway with its own small town at Greenore that included a station to which LNWR added a hotel and adjoining golf course, plus a quay. At the other end of the line in Dundalk, LNWR built both a station and quay to accommodate steamers. The new service opened on April 30, 1873.
1874
April 25 - Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi is born.
August 10 - Herbert Clark Hoover is born.
April 25 - Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi is born.
August 10 - Herbert Clark Hoover is born.
1876
Exact date unknown at this time - In 1876, the rail line from Greenore was extended to Newry.
Exact date unknown at this time - In 1876, the rail line from Greenore was extended to Newry.
1889
August 26 - The Official Secrets Act (52 & 53 Vict. c.52) becomes UK law.
August 26 - The Official Secrets Act (52 & 53 Vict. c.52) becomes UK law.
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
September 22 - On this date Egan John Eoin O'Sullivan O'Rahilly, who later called himself Aodogán O'Rahilly, and who is the father of Ronan O'Rahilly, was born at St Aubyns, Hove, Brighton, England.
September 22 - On this date Egan John Eoin O'Sullivan O'Rahilly, who later called himself Aodogán O'Rahilly, and who is the father of Ronan O'Rahilly, was born at St Aubyns, Hove, Brighton, England.
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
August 22 - The Official Secrets Act 1 & 2 Geo 5 c 28) replaces the OSA of 1889.
August 22 - The Official Secrets Act 1 & 2 Geo 5 c 28) replaces the OSA of 1889.
1912
1913
1914
August 4 - United Kingdom declared War on Germany.
August 8 - Defence of the Realm Act became law in the United Kingdom.
August 4 - United Kingdom declared War on Germany.
August 8 - Defence of the Realm Act became law in the United Kingdom.
1915
June 29 - Michael Joseph Rahilly who became the second person to be called 'The O'Rahilly' [see Blog for 07/026/2020], was threatened by the British Government with deportation under the United Kingdom's 'Defence of the Realm' Act.
June 29 - Michael Joseph Rahilly who became the second person to be called 'The O'Rahilly' [see Blog for 07/026/2020], was threatened by the British Government with deportation under the United Kingdom's 'Defence of the Realm' Act.
1916
April 24-April 29 - Failed Irish Rising against British occupation began and ended.
April 24-April 29 - Failed Irish Rising against British occupation began and ended.
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
December 6 - Following the failed 'Rising' of 1916 the fighting developed into a civil war against the British Crown. The patriots fighting for an independent Ireland did so under the banner of a de facto Irish Republic, and its fighters morphed from the Irish Volunteers into the Irish Republican Army.
This phase of the struggle to throw off the yoke of the British Crown came to halt in London on December 6, 1921. That is when the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in London, but it did not become effective until March 31, 1922.
December 6 - Following the failed 'Rising' of 1916 the fighting developed into a civil war against the British Crown. The patriots fighting for an independent Ireland did so under the banner of a de facto Irish Republic, and its fighters morphed from the Irish Volunteers into the Irish Republican Army.
This phase of the struggle to throw off the yoke of the British Crown came to halt in London on December 6, 1921. That is when the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in London, but it did not become effective until March 31, 1922.
1922
December 6 - Implementation of the Anglo-Irish Treaty resulted in the creation of the Irish Free State as a member country within the British Commonwealth of nations. It also resulted in the hiving-off of six northern counties which remained under the firm grip of London and acquired the name of Northern Ireland. As a result, governance of the island became subject to two rival governments, but the Irish Free State did not have control over external relations. That power was retained by London.
The Irish Free State gained a status similar to the Isle of Man; whereby all external affairs were in the hands of a British Governor-General who served the interests of the British Crown as represented by Britain's King George V. By 1931 the office of Governor-General was being largely ignored. When the British Crown was torn by division during the 1936 abdication of the British King Edward VIII, the Office of Governor-General was formally abolished.
During the years that followed the formation of the Irish Free State, the business of mail deliveries between Ireland and Great Britain became a part of a network of ever-expanding business locations that also included the port at Dublin. Logistics were complicated due to the fact that rail lines on the island of Ireland were now divided between two different administrations governing two different nations. In the case of Newry, as part of the Dundalk and Greenore railway service, that station was now located in Northern Ireland and still under British control.
December 6 - Implementation of the Anglo-Irish Treaty resulted in the creation of the Irish Free State as a member country within the British Commonwealth of nations. It also resulted in the hiving-off of six northern counties which remained under the firm grip of London and acquired the name of Northern Ireland. As a result, governance of the island became subject to two rival governments, but the Irish Free State did not have control over external relations. That power was retained by London.
The Irish Free State gained a status similar to the Isle of Man; whereby all external affairs were in the hands of a British Governor-General who served the interests of the British Crown as represented by Britain's King George V. By 1931 the office of Governor-General was being largely ignored. When the British Crown was torn by division during the 1936 abdication of the British King Edward VIII, the Office of Governor-General was formally abolished.
During the years that followed the formation of the Irish Free State, the business of mail deliveries between Ireland and Great Britain became a part of a network of ever-expanding business locations that also included the port at Dublin. Logistics were complicated due to the fact that rail lines on the island of Ireland were now divided between two different administrations governing two different nations. In the case of Newry, as part of the Dundalk and Greenore railway service, that station was now located in Northern Ireland and still under British control.
1923
1924
1925
December 20 - On this date, newspapers across the USA headlined the plans of Benito Mussolini to recreate the Roman Empire. A few years later in Nazi Germany, Adolph Hitler took Benito Mussolini's nightmarish theme, and by modification, he created a make-believe 'Master Race' to populate his 'Greater Reich'. But after beginning his anti-Roman Empire campaign against Mussolini, Herbert W. Armstrong saw the defeat of both Mussolini and Hitler. So after WWII he began to warn the world that the European Common Market had similar geopolitical objectives.
December 20 - On this date, newspapers across the USA headlined the plans of Benito Mussolini to recreate the Roman Empire. A few years later in Nazi Germany, Adolph Hitler took Benito Mussolini's nightmarish theme, and by modification, he created a make-believe 'Master Race' to populate his 'Greater Reich'. But after beginning his anti-Roman Empire campaign against Mussolini, Herbert W. Armstrong saw the defeat of both Mussolini and Hitler. So after WWII he began to warn the world that the European Common Market had similar geopolitical objectives.
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
Exact date unknown at present - Slieve Bloom was a twin screw steamer cargo vessel operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1930 to 1948, and the British Transport Commission from 1948 to 1965. This vessel replaced another ship with the same name which was sunk in collision many years earlier. From 1930 this ship serviced a route from Holyhead, UK (Great Britain) to Greenore, Eire (Ireland).
Exact date unknown at present - Slieve Bloom was a twin screw steamer cargo vessel operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1930 to 1948, and the British Transport Commission from 1948 to 1965. This vessel replaced another ship with the same name which was sunk in collision many years earlier. From 1930 this ship serviced a route from Holyhead, UK (Great Britain) to Greenore, Eire (Ireland).
1931
1932
November 30 - Aodogán O'Rahilly was 28 years old when on this date he registered Weatherwell Ltd as manufacturer of roofing tiles.
November 30 - Aodogán O'Rahilly was 28 years old when on this date he registered Weatherwell Ltd as manufacturer of roofing tiles.
1933
1934
1935
1936
December 12 - Because of the abdication of King Edward VIII internal powers controlling Ireland were removed from the British Crown, which still represented Ireland's external affairs under a new Irish 'Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936. The Irish Free State became Eire.
December 12 - Because of the abdication of King Edward VIII internal powers controlling Ireland were removed from the British Crown, which still represented Ireland's external affairs under a new Irish 'Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936. The Irish Free State became Eire.
1937
1938
1939
1940
May 21 - Birth of Ronan O'Rahilly
May 21 - Birth of Ronan O'Rahilly
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
October - Richard Leveson Meyer arrived in South Africa to take over management of Radio LM.
October - Richard Leveson Meyer arrived in South Africa to take over management of Radio LM.
1947
1948
December 2 - Eire becomes the Republic of Ireland by an Act which ended the last statutory control over external affairs, which had been administered by the British Crown over most of the island of Ireland.
December 2 - Eire becomes the Republic of Ireland by an Act which ended the last statutory control over external affairs, which had been administered by the British Crown over most of the island of Ireland.
1949
1950
1951
May 3 - Festival of Britain opens.
September 3 - Festival of Britain closes.
December 31 - Greenore, Republic of Ireland: Last train leaves for Newry (Northern Ireland) on the Dundalk-Newry-Greenore Railway.
May 3 - Festival of Britain opens.
September 3 - Festival of Britain closes.
December 31 - Greenore, Republic of Ireland: Last train leaves for Newry (Northern Ireland) on the Dundalk-Newry-Greenore Railway.
1952
1953
June 2 - Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. [There was no Queen Elizabeth I of Scotland, only England, and therefore some insist that since she is the first Queen of the UK, her title should be Elizabeth I of the United Kingdom.] Her coronation ceremony was wrapped in references to ancient Israel: as in the anthem 'Zadok the Priest' which was composed by George Frideric Handel for the 1727 coronation of King George II, with words lifted from the Bible's 'Book of Kings', chapter 1, verses 38-40, and referring to the coronation of King Solomon. The 'Coronation Chair' itself has space for a block of red sandstone known as the 'Stone of Scone', and its heritage links to the mythology of the 'Lost Ten Tribes' of Israel.
June 2 - Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. [There was no Queen Elizabeth I of Scotland, only England, and therefore some insist that since she is the first Queen of the UK, her title should be Elizabeth I of the United Kingdom.] Her coronation ceremony was wrapped in references to ancient Israel: as in the anthem 'Zadok the Priest' which was composed by George Frideric Handel for the 1727 coronation of King George II, with words lifted from the Bible's 'Book of Kings', chapter 1, verses 38-40, and referring to the coronation of King Solomon. The 'Coronation Chair' itself has space for a block of red sandstone known as the 'Stone of Scone', and its heritage links to the mythology of the 'Lost Ten Tribes' of Israel.
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1954
August 4 - The British Crown launched a second public UK broadcasting organization, but it was restricted to television transmissions. The new entity was called the Independent Television Authority, and went by the initials ITA, except that there was nothing 'independent' about it. ITA controlled every aspect of the stations under its authority. This included their locations, construction and operation of transmitters. ITA farmed off non-competitive zoned franchise areas to program contractors who sold time in their locations to advertisers. They were not allowed to mirror the system of program sponsorship employed by totally independent television stations in the USA. The dawning of ITA was the result of a political pressure group spearheaded by Charles Orr Stanley, Chairman of the Pye Group of companies based in Cambridge, England. ITA was not what Stanley had campaigned for. What Stanley wanted were independent stations who could buy their own transmitters made by his companies. What Stanley was confronted with were two Crown television systems: BBC and ITA. |
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Meanwhile, radio broadcasting had been left in the hands of the BBC and nighttime incursive coverage was left primarily to 'Radio Luxembourg'. It had been Stanley's overall plan to end the BBC monopoly of the airwaves and introduce truly independent competitors for viewers and listeners with television and radio stations. ITA was a poor substitute for competitive broadcasting because it was not an independent television company, but an extension of governmental control through Crown licensing.
September 15 - Herbert W. Armstrong in Belfast, Northern Ireland warning about the coming revival of the Roman Empire:
"Within the next 30 years the Roman Empire would rise again in the form of 10 united European dictatorships and conquer the United Kingdom and the United States. This prophecy was made in Wellington Hall, Belfast by Mr Herbert W. Armstrong head of a U.S. independent evangelical organization .... which broadcasts regularly over American commercial networks and Radio Luxembourg. .... he will give addresses in Glasgow, Manchester and London, as well as paying a brief visit to Rome. .... he arrived in Ireland for the first time yesterday."
"Within the next 30 years the Roman Empire would rise again in the form of 10 united European dictatorships and conquer the United Kingdom and the United States. This prophecy was made in Wellington Hall, Belfast by Mr Herbert W. Armstrong head of a U.S. independent evangelical organization .... which broadcasts regularly over American commercial networks and Radio Luxembourg. .... he will give addresses in Glasgow, Manchester and London, as well as paying a brief visit to Rome. .... he arrived in Ireland for the first time yesterday."
1955
1956
The shock waves created by the arrival of American rock 'n' roll on the British airwaves were fostered by the man who created the explosion on U.S. radio. His name is Alan Freed, and by 1956 his show began airing from New York via transcription and transmissions by 'Radio Luxembourg' on Saturday nights.
The shock waves created by the arrival of American rock 'n' roll on the British airwaves were fostered by the man who created the explosion on U.S. radio. His name is Alan Freed, and by 1956 his show began airing from New York via transcription and transmissions by 'Radio Luxembourg' on Saturday nights.
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1957
In December 1957, the fledgling BBC television service tried to capture young viewers by offering a television show which began at five minutes past six on Saturday evenings called 'Six Five Special', and concluded by seven o'clock. The show was produced by Jack Good and he began the momentum in Britain to both stimulate and harness British pop music with his own style of presentation. He was so successful that one of the ITA program contractors called ABC then hired him to produce their own expanded version of a pop music show called 'Oh Boy!' which ran from September 13, 1958 to May 30, 1959. Some episodes were shown in the USA. It was replaced on the UK ABC franchise by another Jack Good show called 'Boy Meets Girls' which ran from September 12, 1959 to February 26, 1960. All of sudden British single acts and bands had a showcase presentation of their own featuring singers such as Cliff Richard. When the Beatles emerged on the scene they were eclipsing a lot of existing British pop stars. Then new British singers and bands suddenly appeared and began a period known as the 'British Invasion' of the USA pop music charts. |
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Jack Good was so successful that the American ABC television network hired him to come to the USA and produce a similar sort of show for them! Their series called 'Shindig!' lasted from September 16, 1964 to January 8, 1966.
This was the setting as the 'Fabulous Fifties' began to draw to a close. Ronan O'Rahilly had not even left the Republic of Ireland, and when Ronan O'Rahilly did arrive in London during 1961, he was on a mission to raise money for his father's business.
The idea that an American music invasion triggered the start of 'Radio Caroline' runs contrary to published events. British music was booming out, everywhere!
The idea that an American music invasion triggered the start of 'Radio Caroline' runs contrary to published events. British music was booming out, everywhere!
1958
1959
Date to be added - Borkum Riff, a German lightship was anchored at the mouth of the Ems River, some 54 miles northwest of the city of Emden. It was built in 1911 as a 141-foot, 485-ton, red vessel. The main center mast was taller and topped by a black conical basket as a daytime marker and shone a red light at night. The fore and after rear masts were each topped by a black, spherical basket daymark and had white lights. Each light was by a group of three small Fresnel lenses with kerosene burners. In 1918, they were electrified and in 1925, the mainmast was replaced by a thin tube tower holding a revolving optic. The ship was in port during both world wars but returned to station once peace was restored. She was the Borkum Riff Lightship until 1956. The world’s first coast radio station was established on the first Borkum Riff Lightship, officially going into operation on May 15, 1900. In 1905, its call became FBR. Retired in 1959, the lightship was sold to VRON (Vrije Radio Omroep Netherland), the Verweij Brothers of Hilversum, in November of 1959 for 6900 DM expressly for a pirate radio station. The light tower was removed and a two-wire flat top antenna stretched between the masts some 66 feet high. The radio ship was anchored 3 miles offshore between Scheveningen and The Hague. Going on the air in April 1960, it broadcast to Holland from a 10-kw transmitter on 1562 kHz. Radio Veronica retired the old lightship in 1966 and got a newer vessel.
July 30 - Allan James Crawford and Michael Citroen (Crawford's accountant), place an advertisement in 'The Stage' newspaper, announcing their intention to apply to London County Council for a licence to start an employment agency within the entertainment industry, under the name of Merit Music Co Ltd of 10 Manette Street, London WI.
August 17 - Allan James Crawford left the employment of Peer-Southern in London.
Date to be added - Borkum Riff, a German lightship was anchored at the mouth of the Ems River, some 54 miles northwest of the city of Emden. It was built in 1911 as a 141-foot, 485-ton, red vessel. The main center mast was taller and topped by a black conical basket as a daytime marker and shone a red light at night. The fore and after rear masts were each topped by a black, spherical basket daymark and had white lights. Each light was by a group of three small Fresnel lenses with kerosene burners. In 1918, they were electrified and in 1925, the mainmast was replaced by a thin tube tower holding a revolving optic. The ship was in port during both world wars but returned to station once peace was restored. She was the Borkum Riff Lightship until 1956. The world’s first coast radio station was established on the first Borkum Riff Lightship, officially going into operation on May 15, 1900. In 1905, its call became FBR. Retired in 1959, the lightship was sold to VRON (Vrije Radio Omroep Netherland), the Verweij Brothers of Hilversum, in November of 1959 for 6900 DM expressly for a pirate radio station. The light tower was removed and a two-wire flat top antenna stretched between the masts some 66 feet high. The radio ship was anchored 3 miles offshore between Scheveningen and The Hague. Going on the air in April 1960, it broadcast to Holland from a 10-kw transmitter on 1562 kHz. Radio Veronica retired the old lightship in 1966 and got a newer vessel.
July 30 - Allan James Crawford and Michael Citroen (Crawford's accountant), place an advertisement in 'The Stage' newspaper, announcing their intention to apply to London County Council for a licence to start an employment agency within the entertainment industry, under the name of Merit Music Co Ltd of 10 Manette Street, London WI.
August 17 - Allan James Crawford left the employment of Peer-Southern in London.
1959
November 26 - Radio Yorkshire (Development) Ltd., is registered.
November 26 - Radio Yorkshire (Development) Ltd., is registered.
In Britain during 1959, Charles Orr Stanley of the Pye Group was about to launch a new political pressure group seeking to break the Crown stranglehold on radio broadcasting, because at that time, the focus was on television as the forum for pop music.
Stanley's plan was composed of both an overt and covert formula. His covert plan was surrounded in secrecy, but his overt plan was bathed in publicity. It did not begin in London, but in a town called Shipley in Yorkshire.
It was to Shipley that Stanley attracted the people behind Ross Radio Productions who made pre-recorded shows for Pye at studios in Hampstead where Simon Dee would later be sent for his first audition as a disc jockey on the embryonic 'Radio Caroline'.
Stanley's plan was composed of both an overt and covert formula. His covert plan was surrounded in secrecy, but his overt plan was bathed in publicity. It did not begin in London, but in a town called Shipley in Yorkshire.
It was to Shipley that Stanley attracted the people behind Ross Radio Productions who made pre-recorded shows for Pye at studios in Hampstead where Simon Dee would later be sent for his first audition as a disc jockey on the embryonic 'Radio Caroline'.
In addition to Ross Radio, were people connected to Stanley's plans aiming for a commercial radio license on the Isle of Man.
In addition to these recruits was the man who formed the Local Radio Association, and his colleague who would later become head of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), which replaced the ITA.
In addition to these recruits was the man who formed the Local Radio Association, and his colleague who would later become head of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), which replaced the ITA.
1960
April 2 - A 1963 investigation traced the origin of the name CBC (Plays) Ltd. back to a registration on this date in 1960, but although a company number was also located, no information has surfaced to indicate that the initials CBC were augmented by the word Plays. Nor is there any information presently to hand that reveals who registered this company.
July 5-8 - Radio Cambridge is operational on 250 meters at the Royal Agricultural Show. It broadcast via the electrical supply to a radius of about 20 feet in distance. A drawing of the station appeared in a two page layout within the book-sized catalog of the official exhibition. But when the exhibition opened, the actual station that was built reflected a 'packaged' Pye station, in contrast to the artist's rendition for the advertisement that was produced long in advance of the exhibition to meet the printer's deadline. One item not in the artist's drawing but which did appear on the actual building, was a designed logo with the letters 'CBC' next to the name of the station: 'Radio Cambridge'. This seems to be the first time that these initials have been used in the context of a local radio station promotion by Pye. It is possible that they represent the words 'Commercial Broadcasting Company', although the Pye Plan stressed local radio, and not necessarily commercial radio.
April 2 - A 1963 investigation traced the origin of the name CBC (Plays) Ltd. back to a registration on this date in 1960, but although a company number was also located, no information has surfaced to indicate that the initials CBC were augmented by the word Plays. Nor is there any information presently to hand that reveals who registered this company.
July 5-8 - Radio Cambridge is operational on 250 meters at the Royal Agricultural Show. It broadcast via the electrical supply to a radius of about 20 feet in distance. A drawing of the station appeared in a two page layout within the book-sized catalog of the official exhibition. But when the exhibition opened, the actual station that was built reflected a 'packaged' Pye station, in contrast to the artist's rendition for the advertisement that was produced long in advance of the exhibition to meet the printer's deadline. One item not in the artist's drawing but which did appear on the actual building, was a designed logo with the letters 'CBC' next to the name of the station: 'Radio Cambridge'. This seems to be the first time that these initials have been used in the context of a local radio station promotion by Pye. It is possible that they represent the words 'Commercial Broadcasting Company', although the Pye Plan stressed local radio, and not necessarily commercial radio.
July 13 - mv Friendship chartered by Weatherwell Ltd..
1961
May 1 - THV Stella is launched at East Cowes to replace the THV Satellite. See reference to this vessel under '1962'.
May 1 - THV Stella is launched at East Cowes to replace the THV Satellite. See reference to this vessel under '1962'.
1962
May 3 - More than 100 radio broadcasting companies registered in the UK wanting licenses to broadcast.
June 30 - Radio Nord closes down.
July 10 - Radio Mercur closes down from the Cheeta II.
July 23 - Mv Magda Maria, ex-Bon Jour goes to El Ferrol, Spain for inspection and repairs.
DATE TO BE CHECKED - THV Satellite. Allan James Crawford later obtained a ship's mortgage in his own name for the THV Satellite which was a steam ship (SS) that Crawford intended to use as the home for his Radio Atlanta. According to the redacted version of Jack Kotshack's book about Radio Nord (which was translated into English by Paul Harris), Crawford intended to rename the former THV Satellite as the SS Atlanta.
May 3 - More than 100 radio broadcasting companies registered in the UK wanting licenses to broadcast.
June 30 - Radio Nord closes down.
July 10 - Radio Mercur closes down from the Cheeta II.
July 23 - Mv Magda Maria, ex-Bon Jour goes to El Ferrol, Spain for inspection and repairs.
DATE TO BE CHECKED - THV Satellite. Allan James Crawford later obtained a ship's mortgage in his own name for the THV Satellite which was a steam ship (SS) that Crawford intended to use as the home for his Radio Atlanta. According to the redacted version of Jack Kotshack's book about Radio Nord (which was translated into English by Paul Harris), Crawford intended to rename the former THV Satellite as the SS Atlanta.
1963
'Early 1963' - Allan James Crawford says that this is when he first met Ronan O'Rahilly.
March 18 - After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the Mi Amigo enters the Gulf of Mexico and docks at Pier 37 on Galveston Island, Texas. Charles William (Bill) Weaver who is General Manager of KILT in Houston, and National Manager of stations in the chain owned by Gordon McLendon, takes control of the ship. He pays off its crew and the ship is stripped of all broadcasting equipment which is taken to Houston and put into storage for use as 'spares' by other McLendon stations.
'Early 1963' - Allan James Crawford says that this is when he first met Ronan O'Rahilly.
March 18 - After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the Mi Amigo enters the Gulf of Mexico and docks at Pier 37 on Galveston Island, Texas. Charles William (Bill) Weaver who is General Manager of KILT in Houston, and National Manager of stations in the chain owned by Gordon McLendon, takes control of the ship. He pays off its crew and the ship is stripped of all broadcasting equipment which is taken to Houston and put into storage for use as 'spares' by other McLendon stations.
May 17 - Cross Channel Container Services Limited is registered as company number 20509 in the Republic of Ireland. In 2020. No other official details are readily available as to its address, or directors. This business now has a status listing of "dissolved" and having no directors at the time it closed. If this entity was formed in relation to the purchase by Wijsmuller of the mv Fredericia on December 30, 1963, then it may have been formed in anticipation of that purchase. However it could also mean that the ship was not purchased for the purpose of starting an offshore radio station, but to revive an export business by cargo ship to the United Kingdom via either a port on the island of Ireland in that region under the control of the UK and designated as Northern Ireland; or reviving shipments to a port on the island of Great Britain.
June - Ronan O'Rahilly sent by Allan James Crawford to Houston, Texas to see Bill Weaver regarding a lease of the Mv Mi Amigo based upon a new legal interpretation concerning the status of the so-called 'Hovering Acts'. O'Rahilly has to fly via New York since direct flights from London to Houston by scheduled airlines are not available. Upon arrival in Houston he stays at the Continental Hotel. KILT Chief Radio Engineer Glen Cook takes O'Rahilly to Galveston to see the mv Mi Amigo. While in Houston, Ronan O'Rahilly meets Captain De Jong Lanau, Superintendent of Wijsmuller Tugs.
July 31 - Project Atlanta Limited is registered in London with three initial directors.
August 14 - Mv Fredericia arrived at Copenhagen from Odense, Denmark, and laid up.
November 5 - Mv Mi Amigo is moved from Pier 37 to Todd Shipyards for repairs and painting prior to its lease or sale.
November 22 - President John F. Kennedy is shot and killed driving through Dallas, Texas in an open car, in the middle of the day which was dominated by clear blue sky.
November 24 - Lee Harvey Oswald shot in the Dallas Police Department garage in front of police and reporters on 'live' televsion. He had been accused of killing President Kennedy.
December 21 - The main generator and two refurbished Continental Electronics transmitters plus studio equipment, is trucked down from Houston to Galveston for re-installation on board mv Mi Amigo under the supervision of KILT transmitter supervisor Frank Maher. Some new equipment is also added because some of the original equipment had already been recycled to other McLendon stations. It is hastily loaded on board the ship because a local Galveston newspaper has taken an interest in this activity. The press coverage also attracts the attention of U.S. Customs.
December 29 - Mv Mi Amigo slips out of port at Galveston Island, Texas telling authorities that it is on "sea trials" and will return. In fact it is heading for the Bahama Islands, never to return to Texas. Its destination is Sun Cay island in the Bahamian archipelago. The ship docks at the small island owned by Clint Murchison, and picks up Prince Albrecht of Lichtenstein.
December 30 - Mv Fredericia is towed from Copenhagen, Denmark by Wijsmuller to a dock at Rotterdam, Holland.
June - Ronan O'Rahilly sent by Allan James Crawford to Houston, Texas to see Bill Weaver regarding a lease of the Mv Mi Amigo based upon a new legal interpretation concerning the status of the so-called 'Hovering Acts'. O'Rahilly has to fly via New York since direct flights from London to Houston by scheduled airlines are not available. Upon arrival in Houston he stays at the Continental Hotel. KILT Chief Radio Engineer Glen Cook takes O'Rahilly to Galveston to see the mv Mi Amigo. While in Houston, Ronan O'Rahilly meets Captain De Jong Lanau, Superintendent of Wijsmuller Tugs.
July 31 - Project Atlanta Limited is registered in London with three initial directors.
August 14 - Mv Fredericia arrived at Copenhagen from Odense, Denmark, and laid up.
November 5 - Mv Mi Amigo is moved from Pier 37 to Todd Shipyards for repairs and painting prior to its lease or sale.
November 22 - President John F. Kennedy is shot and killed driving through Dallas, Texas in an open car, in the middle of the day which was dominated by clear blue sky.
November 24 - Lee Harvey Oswald shot in the Dallas Police Department garage in front of police and reporters on 'live' televsion. He had been accused of killing President Kennedy.
December 21 - The main generator and two refurbished Continental Electronics transmitters plus studio equipment, is trucked down from Houston to Galveston for re-installation on board mv Mi Amigo under the supervision of KILT transmitter supervisor Frank Maher. Some new equipment is also added because some of the original equipment had already been recycled to other McLendon stations. It is hastily loaded on board the ship because a local Galveston newspaper has taken an interest in this activity. The press coverage also attracts the attention of U.S. Customs.
December 29 - Mv Mi Amigo slips out of port at Galveston Island, Texas telling authorities that it is on "sea trials" and will return. In fact it is heading for the Bahama Islands, never to return to Texas. Its destination is Sun Cay island in the Bahamian archipelago. The ship docks at the small island owned by Clint Murchison, and picks up Prince Albrecht of Lichtenstein.
December 30 - Mv Fredericia is towed from Copenhagen, Denmark by Wijsmuller to a dock at Rotterdam, Holland.
1964
January 8 - DFDS who previously owned the Mv Fredericia, are told that it was bought as a ferry and that it will be renamed mv Iseult to service a new route between Republic of Ireland and the UK. However, the ship is still in Rotterdam, Holland and still under the control of Wijsmuller. This story about a new ferry service is a 'cover' for the real purpose behind purchase of the vessel.
January ? - Exact date unknown at this moment in time. The ownership of mv Fredericia is registered in Panama to a company called Astrenic SA. In fact, Wijsmuller have control management of both the mv Fredericia and the mv Mi Amigo which is still owned by a Panamanian company managed by Bill Weaver who works for Gordon McLendon.
January 30 - Prior to this date, exact date unknown at present, Harry Spencer attends a meeting at 47 Dean Street, London. It has been called by Allan James Crawford operating at Merit Music. In attendance are Alfred Nicholas Thomas; Captain De Jong Lanau, Superintendent of the 'Wijsmuller Towing Company' and Ronan O'Rahilly.
January 30 - On this date Allan James Crawford writing on Merit Music Co. Ltd stationary (relocated to 47 Dean Street from 10 Manette Street), writes to Harry Spencer at Cowes in the Isle of Wight and officially tells him to go ahead with rigging of the mv Mi Amigo. Crawford tells Spencer to follow the directions of Captain de Jong who has asked Crawford to write to him. Crawford says that Spencer will be paid by Rajah Anstalt, of Vaduz, Liechtenstein, after he next meets with Captain de Jong in England.
February 5 - Mv Mi Amigo arrives and docks at El Ferrol, Spain. Harry Spencer has been staying in a hotel waiting for its arrival. Captain De Jong Lanau is there with Harry Spencer when the ship arrives. Alfred Nicholas Thomas may also be there.
February 13 - Mv Fredericia departs from Rotterdam, and originally is scheduled to dock at the Isle of Wight for Harry Spencer to work on it. The original Allan James Crawford ship was THV Satellite, and Crawford had a ship's mortgage on the vessel while it was docked at the Isle of Wight. The mv Fredericia is redirected to Greenore, Republic of Ireland and Spencer has to change his plans and take his equipment to the ship, instead of the ship coming to his yard in the IoW.
February 15 - Harry Spencer arrives at Greenore, Republic of Ireland. Mv Fredericia is already in Greenore.
February 25 - Around this date when the 'Cassius Clay Fight' was shown on TV, Harry Spencer ran into problems with the Dundalk Engineering Works whose employees were working on installing generators on the mv Fredericia. The company (DEW) refuse to allow their men to work on the ship because they had been told that it was to be a ferry for a new Greenore service, but they discover that it is to be a radio ship.
February 27 - Planet Productions Limited is registered as a sales company in Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
March 13 - Approximate to this date, George Saunders arrives at Greenore with John Howard Gilman for a final interview by Alfred Nicholas Thomas. The mv Mi Amigo is already there, berthed next to the mv Fredericia. Saunders meets Thomas on board the Mi Amigo.
March 27 - Mv Fredericia departs Greenore. The ship arrived either on February 14, but more likely February 15, 1964. It was at Greenore for either 41 or 42 days, which is less time than the 44 days it was at Rotterdam. Radio Caroline begins test broadcasts from the mv Caroline (ex-Fredericia), anchored off the coastline of south-east England.
April 21 - Mv Mi Amigo leaves Greenore, Republic of Ireland, and has to dock at Falmouth, England for emergency repairs to its radio mast.
April 24 - Regarding Radio Caroline, the 'New Statesman', p.640 ['Radio Pirates'] recognizes that 1876 saw "a virtual reversal of .... Britain's anti-smuggling 'Hovering Acts'. The legacy of this reversal is still with us." This was the information that Ronan O'Rahilly took to Houston in June 1963.
May 5 - British Coast Guard Vessel Venturas asked the captain of the mv Caroline for permission to come aboard. Permission was refused.
May 12 - 'World in Action' is shown on ITA Granada Television. The film was shot at Greenore after the mv Fredericia has already left port. The reaction in Greenore to the film was negative due to its portrayal of the Caroline venture in comparing it to sea pirates who plundered and stole from vicims.
June 5 - Greenore Port Unlimited Company is registered in the Republic of Ireland, with company number 21631 at Greenore, Co. Louth, Republic of Ireland. Directors listed as shown (right):
January 8 - DFDS who previously owned the Mv Fredericia, are told that it was bought as a ferry and that it will be renamed mv Iseult to service a new route between Republic of Ireland and the UK. However, the ship is still in Rotterdam, Holland and still under the control of Wijsmuller. This story about a new ferry service is a 'cover' for the real purpose behind purchase of the vessel.
January ? - Exact date unknown at this moment in time. The ownership of mv Fredericia is registered in Panama to a company called Astrenic SA. In fact, Wijsmuller have control management of both the mv Fredericia and the mv Mi Amigo which is still owned by a Panamanian company managed by Bill Weaver who works for Gordon McLendon.
January 30 - Prior to this date, exact date unknown at present, Harry Spencer attends a meeting at 47 Dean Street, London. It has been called by Allan James Crawford operating at Merit Music. In attendance are Alfred Nicholas Thomas; Captain De Jong Lanau, Superintendent of the 'Wijsmuller Towing Company' and Ronan O'Rahilly.
January 30 - On this date Allan James Crawford writing on Merit Music Co. Ltd stationary (relocated to 47 Dean Street from 10 Manette Street), writes to Harry Spencer at Cowes in the Isle of Wight and officially tells him to go ahead with rigging of the mv Mi Amigo. Crawford tells Spencer to follow the directions of Captain de Jong who has asked Crawford to write to him. Crawford says that Spencer will be paid by Rajah Anstalt, of Vaduz, Liechtenstein, after he next meets with Captain de Jong in England.
February 5 - Mv Mi Amigo arrives and docks at El Ferrol, Spain. Harry Spencer has been staying in a hotel waiting for its arrival. Captain De Jong Lanau is there with Harry Spencer when the ship arrives. Alfred Nicholas Thomas may also be there.
February 13 - Mv Fredericia departs from Rotterdam, and originally is scheduled to dock at the Isle of Wight for Harry Spencer to work on it. The original Allan James Crawford ship was THV Satellite, and Crawford had a ship's mortgage on the vessel while it was docked at the Isle of Wight. The mv Fredericia is redirected to Greenore, Republic of Ireland and Spencer has to change his plans and take his equipment to the ship, instead of the ship coming to his yard in the IoW.
February 15 - Harry Spencer arrives at Greenore, Republic of Ireland. Mv Fredericia is already in Greenore.
February 25 - Around this date when the 'Cassius Clay Fight' was shown on TV, Harry Spencer ran into problems with the Dundalk Engineering Works whose employees were working on installing generators on the mv Fredericia. The company (DEW) refuse to allow their men to work on the ship because they had been told that it was to be a ferry for a new Greenore service, but they discover that it is to be a radio ship.
February 27 - Planet Productions Limited is registered as a sales company in Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
March 13 - Approximate to this date, George Saunders arrives at Greenore with John Howard Gilman for a final interview by Alfred Nicholas Thomas. The mv Mi Amigo is already there, berthed next to the mv Fredericia. Saunders meets Thomas on board the Mi Amigo.
March 27 - Mv Fredericia departs Greenore. The ship arrived either on February 14, but more likely February 15, 1964. It was at Greenore for either 41 or 42 days, which is less time than the 44 days it was at Rotterdam. Radio Caroline begins test broadcasts from the mv Caroline (ex-Fredericia), anchored off the coastline of south-east England.
April 21 - Mv Mi Amigo leaves Greenore, Republic of Ireland, and has to dock at Falmouth, England for emergency repairs to its radio mast.
April 24 - Regarding Radio Caroline, the 'New Statesman', p.640 ['Radio Pirates'] recognizes that 1876 saw "a virtual reversal of .... Britain's anti-smuggling 'Hovering Acts'. The legacy of this reversal is still with us." This was the information that Ronan O'Rahilly took to Houston in June 1963.
May 5 - British Coast Guard Vessel Venturas asked the captain of the mv Caroline for permission to come aboard. Permission was refused.
May 12 - 'World in Action' is shown on ITA Granada Television. The film was shot at Greenore after the mv Fredericia has already left port. The reaction in Greenore to the film was negative due to its portrayal of the Caroline venture in comparing it to sea pirates who plundered and stole from vicims.
June 5 - Greenore Port Unlimited Company is registered in the Republic of Ireland, with company number 21631 at Greenore, Co. Louth, Republic of Ireland. Directors listed as shown (right):
June 7 - Prior to this date, Allan James Crawford met with Harold Colebourn of Radio Manx Ltd., on the Isle of Man. By this date, Bernard Rafferty had left the IoM. Rafferty was a local Irish politician whose jurisdiction included Greenore. He also had a relationship to the recently incorporated (June 5) Greenore Port Unlimited Company which owned land adjoining the territorial waters of the Irish Republic, but it did not 'own' a 'Port' at Greenore, per se. Operation of a Port at Greenore required authorization from on site Irish Customs who had control of any shipments into and out of the Irish Republic.
June 7 - Isle of Man TT Race is broadcast from a 'packaged radio station' made by PYE of Cambridge for Electronic Services Ltd., a company incorporated in the Isle of Man. Broadcasting only on VHF, it is located within a mobile caravan with the name 'Manx Radio' painted on the outside.
July 2 - Radio Atlanta ceases broadcasting and the next day (July 3) it begins broadcasting as Radio Caroline South.
July 3 - Radio Caroline changes name to Radio Caroline North and sails from a position off Essex to Ramsay Bay, Isle of Man.
July 8 - Isle of Man Broadcasting Company Ltd., is incorporated in the Isle of Man for two shareholders: Electronic Services Ltd., and Col. Richard Leveson Meyer. According to the Tynwald edition of Hansard, the ownership of IOMBC, Ltd was divided equally between ESL and Meyer who represented his own London based company called Meyer and Associates Its office is located very close to the London office of Radio Luxembourg. Meyer managed Captain Leonard Plugge's International Broadcasting Company (Radio Normandie) prior to WWII. He became a close associate of Charles Orr Stanley of PYE after WWII during the formation years when commercial television programming contractors were franchised by the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority as a rival to the British Broadcasting Corporation. Meyer became responsible for all broadcast programming on Manx Radio, and he placed his stepson John Grierson in charge of its daily management. Electronic Services Ltd., provides the 'packaged radio station' that was supplied by Pye of Cambridge in England for the IoM TT Race back on June 7.
October 15 - Tories lose the UK General Election and a hostile to commercial broadcasting Labour Party takes office under the leadership of Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
November 23 - Manx Radio owned by IOMBC Ltd., begins broadcasting on VHF only.
December ? - Exact date unknown at present - Radio Manx Ltd winds down and directors resign. The board of this company is headed by Harold Colebourn; Roy Thomson (Canadian) publisher; Sir Joseph Lockwood of EMI; Tom Arnold, impresario. This company was denied a licence to broadcast by the GPO in London in May 1961.
December 2 - Greenore Plastic Company Limited is registered with company number 22102 with an address given as Greenore, Co. Louth, Republic of Ireland. No other details available. Company dissolved.
June 7 - Isle of Man TT Race is broadcast from a 'packaged radio station' made by PYE of Cambridge for Electronic Services Ltd., a company incorporated in the Isle of Man. Broadcasting only on VHF, it is located within a mobile caravan with the name 'Manx Radio' painted on the outside.
July 2 - Radio Atlanta ceases broadcasting and the next day (July 3) it begins broadcasting as Radio Caroline South.
July 3 - Radio Caroline changes name to Radio Caroline North and sails from a position off Essex to Ramsay Bay, Isle of Man.
July 8 - Isle of Man Broadcasting Company Ltd., is incorporated in the Isle of Man for two shareholders: Electronic Services Ltd., and Col. Richard Leveson Meyer. According to the Tynwald edition of Hansard, the ownership of IOMBC, Ltd was divided equally between ESL and Meyer who represented his own London based company called Meyer and Associates Its office is located very close to the London office of Radio Luxembourg. Meyer managed Captain Leonard Plugge's International Broadcasting Company (Radio Normandie) prior to WWII. He became a close associate of Charles Orr Stanley of PYE after WWII during the formation years when commercial television programming contractors were franchised by the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority as a rival to the British Broadcasting Corporation. Meyer became responsible for all broadcast programming on Manx Radio, and he placed his stepson John Grierson in charge of its daily management. Electronic Services Ltd., provides the 'packaged radio station' that was supplied by Pye of Cambridge in England for the IoM TT Race back on June 7.
October 15 - Tories lose the UK General Election and a hostile to commercial broadcasting Labour Party takes office under the leadership of Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
November 23 - Manx Radio owned by IOMBC Ltd., begins broadcasting on VHF only.
December ? - Exact date unknown at present - Radio Manx Ltd winds down and directors resign. The board of this company is headed by Harold Colebourn; Roy Thomson (Canadian) publisher; Sir Joseph Lockwood of EMI; Tom Arnold, impresario. This company was denied a licence to broadcast by the GPO in London in May 1961.
December 2 - Greenore Plastic Company Limited is registered with company number 22102 with an address given as Greenore, Co. Louth, Republic of Ireland. No other details available. Company dissolved.
1965
1966
1967
August 14 - Marine Offences Act becomes UK law in the UK at midnight and it was subsequently extended to cover the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man from midnight on August 31. 1967.
August 14 - Marine Offences Act becomes UK law in the UK at midnight and it was subsequently extended to cover the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man from midnight on August 31. 1967.
1968
January 17 - Tynwald Court Proceedings - involving the shares owned by Electronic Services Ltd., in the IOMBC Ltd., due to the intention of Electronic Services Ltd selling its shares to Pye of Cambridge, England, which was in the process of being bought-out by the Dutch company Phillips. When Col. Richard Leveson Meyer also announced his intention to sell out to Pye, it presented a legal issue that needed resolution because Manx Radio had a licence from the Isle of Man, and the IoM had got its licencing authority from the UK General Post Office via a 1952 British Crown Order in Council. With the announced sale of shares, a chain of events could result in the ownership of the IoM company that held the licence for Manx Radio being answerable to a company located in the Netherlands. This could then present a problem of jurisdiction, if future legal proceedings were to be undertaken against Manx Radio regarding its IoM/UK licence. The IoM decided to buy the shares of both Electronic Services Ltd and Col. Richard Leveson Meyer to prevent that problem arising, while leaving the licence in place as granted to the Isle of Man Broadcasting Company Ltd.
March 3 - The mv Mi Amigo and mv Caroline are towed away by Wijsmuller. Because of the many false claims made about Radio Caroline after August 14, 1967, we will be uploading information relating to those claims on this page.
January 17 - Tynwald Court Proceedings - involving the shares owned by Electronic Services Ltd., in the IOMBC Ltd., due to the intention of Electronic Services Ltd selling its shares to Pye of Cambridge, England, which was in the process of being bought-out by the Dutch company Phillips. When Col. Richard Leveson Meyer also announced his intention to sell out to Pye, it presented a legal issue that needed resolution because Manx Radio had a licence from the Isle of Man, and the IoM had got its licencing authority from the UK General Post Office via a 1952 British Crown Order in Council. With the announced sale of shares, a chain of events could result in the ownership of the IoM company that held the licence for Manx Radio being answerable to a company located in the Netherlands. This could then present a problem of jurisdiction, if future legal proceedings were to be undertaken against Manx Radio regarding its IoM/UK licence. The IoM decided to buy the shares of both Electronic Services Ltd and Col. Richard Leveson Meyer to prevent that problem arising, while leaving the licence in place as granted to the Isle of Man Broadcasting Company Ltd.
March 3 - The mv Mi Amigo and mv Caroline are towed away by Wijsmuller. Because of the many false claims made about Radio Caroline after August 14, 1967, we will be uploading information relating to those claims on this page.
1972
May 29 - The mv Mi Amigo bought as scrap at auction.
May 29 - The mv Mi Amigo bought as scrap at auction.
1980
March 20 - The mv Mi Amigo sinks on to a sand bar in the North Sea.
March 20 - The mv Mi Amigo sinks on to a sand bar in the North Sea.
1989
February 17 - James Ryan found guilty of mail fraud and perjury in Radio Caroline criminal case at Philadelphia.
February 17 - James Ryan found guilty of mail fraud and perjury in Radio Caroline criminal case at Philadelphia.
2014
December 4 - Death of Thomas J. Morrison, Jr., investor swindled in the Radio Caroline criminal fraud case involving James Ryan and the motor vessel Ross Revenge.
December 4 - Death of Thomas J. Morrison, Jr., investor swindled in the Radio Caroline criminal fraud case involving James Ryan and the motor vessel Ross Revenge.
Timeline will continue with more additions.